Casino game number guessing program, casino game number guessing program.

Casino game number guessing program

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It's an alarmingly common thing for new C++ programmers to do. Don't call main. According to the C++ ISO standard section 3. Only the prompt strings actually change, but the underlying logic of presenting the choices and asking for input are all the same. It looks like you're a beginning programmer, and so perhaps you haven't learned about objects yet, but this kind of repeated task with associated data is really well- suited to object- oriented programming and that's something that C++ is very good at expressing. Use better function names. The names you've chosen are not too bad, but slots. We can infer that they have something to do with slots, but what? The name should suggest that.

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Casino program in C++

Text- based casino game. I have found a couple of things that could help you improve your code. Don't abuse using namespace std. Putting using namespace std at the top of every program is a bad habit that you'd do well to avoid.

It's an alarmingly common thing for new C++ programmers to do. Don't call main. According to the C++ ISO standard section 3.

The function main shall not be used within a program. So your program is technically malformed. Rather than doing it that way, simply return to main if needed. Avoid the use of global variables. I see that invalid is used only within main but it's declared as s global variable. It's generally better to explicitly pass variables your function will need or declare them within the appropriately smallest possible scope rather than using the vague implicit linkage of a global variable.

Don't use system("pause")there are two reasons not to use system("cls") or system("pause"). The first is that it is not portable to other operating systems which you may or may not care about now. The second is that it's a security hole, which you absolutely must care about. Specifically, if some program is defined and named cls or pause, your program will execute that program instead of what you intend, and that other program could be anything. First, isolate these into a seperate functions cls() and pause() and then modify your code to call those functions instead of system.

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C++ project on casino game. Please help me I need codes for a three reel casino game in c++ builder. Casino game : number guessing program. This is a number guessing game. Player depsoits an initial amount to start playing game. He guess a number. Write a C++ program that simulates the casino game of craps. These are the rules of the game: • if a player throws a 7 or 11 (sum of two dice). So I come up and idea to help the student who want to score good marks in computer science, I made these all program available in the list, they are all premium(not for free), so if you want any one of these you can buy it from me. Casino game computer science C++ project source code.. Casino game is a number guessing game developed in C++. In this game player guess any number between 1 and 10 and bets an amount. Casino game : number guessing program.. Casino game is a number guessing game developed in C++. In this game player guess any number between 1 and 10 and bets an amount.
Casino game : number guessing program.

Only the prompt strings actually change, but the underlying logic of presenting the choices and asking for input are all the same. It looks like you're a beginning programmer, and so perhaps you haven't learned about objects yet, but this kind of repeated task with associated data is really well- suited to object- oriented programming and that's something that C++ is very good at expressing. Use better function names. The names you've chosen are not too bad, but slots. We can infer that they have something to do with slots, but what? The name should suggest that.

• Enjoy and ask for the code for easy grades;) casino game C++ introduction to C++ : sparky engine (how to make a game engine).


• I decided I would try to make a decent text based black jack program in C++ on my linux machine a coupple of hours ago so I have a start I want to get some feedback\suggestions on now. This is not a fully functional black jack program..

Restructure the code. The bankrupt() routine is called when the user attempts to play slots or roulette, but it would make more sense to put those calls within main.

Consider using a better random number generator. You are currently using actual. Colour = rand() % 2. There are two problems with this approach. One is that the low order bits of the random number generator are not particularly random, so neither will actual. Colour be. On my machine, there's a slight but measurable bias toward 0 with that.

The second problem is that it's not thread safe because rand stores hidden state. A better solution, if your compiler and library supports it, would be to use the C++1. It looks complex, but it's actually pretty easy to use.

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Write a C++ program that simulates the c. Write a C++ program that simulates the casino game of craps. These are the rules of the game. If a player throws a 7 or 1. If a player throws a 2, 3 or 1.

If a player throws a 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 or 1. If this is the case, the player keeps rolling the dice until the point (4, 5, 6, 8, 9 or 1. However, if the player throws a 7 (sum of two dice) before the “point” is thrown, the player loses the game. These are the specifications for the program: your program will incorporate a void function that will output a banner to the screen each time the a. The banner will look like******************************************************************* welcome to the [your name] casino ****************** step up to the table and place your bets! You will create a function called roll.

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Dice that will, when called, roll two dice and return a random number between 2 and 1. Each time roll. Dice is called, the program should output the result of the roll. Examples: you rolled 8 you rolled 5.

You rolled 4 or you rolled 4. You rolled 3 you rolled 7. You lose! You rolled 8. Winner!… and so on. The program will ask the player ” another game?

Y(es) or N(o)?” and terminate whenever any key other than Y or y is pressed. Hint: use program example 6- 4 as a model for your roll. Dice function. Can someone please help me write this program.

Casino game number guessing program

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Casino game is a number guessing game developed in C++. In this game player guess any number between 1 and 10 and bets an amount. Casino game : number guessing program.. General C++ programming. I am trying to create a casino game using functions that allows the user to play any of 4 games as many times as they want. The first game is high-low where the computer generates a random number between 1 and 10 and the user tries to guess whether the 2nd random.. 23>> CASINO GAME computer science C++ project for class 12 & 11.
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Build a number guessing game in python

This is a python tutorial on how to create your own number guessing game in python. This is actually a game that can be played with a computer with numbers.

The rule of this game:

The computer will choose any random number between 1 to 100. Then the user will try to guess the right number.

If the user failed to enter the random number chosen by the computer then the user will get a hint.

The hints will be like these:

Your guess was low, please enter a higher number

Your guess was high, please enter a lower number

With the help of these hints, you have to find the random number choose by the computer.

When you will enter the right random number chosen by the computer you will get an output like this:

Number of turns you have used: n

N will be the number of turns the user used to guess the right random number chosen by the computer.

I hope you have understood the rule.

Build a number guessing game in python

Here is the python source code of guess the number game in python

I have played this game and here is its output:

Explanation of number guessing game in python

This will import the random module in our python program.

In python random.Randint(1,100) will return a random number in between 1 to 100

Here win is a boolean variable and this is used to check if the user entered the right random number chosen by the computer or not. When the user chooses the random number chosen by the computer the win variable will be set to true

Rest of the program is standing on if else statement to check if the user entered the right random number or not.

You can extend the functionality of this game if you wish.

I can give you some suggestions for that.

• You can create a scoring system using the number of turns


• Also, you can set the limitations for the number of turns that can be used to guess the random number.

Here are some other number guessing game in different programming languages

You can check the algorithms to extend the features

2 responses to “build a number guessing game in python”

This code is very bad python code.

1. Incorrectly used equality operator (==) while attempt to assign to the variable win. Variable assignment in python is never done with double equals (==) and in python is done with (=).
2. Python coding standards dictate variable names should be in all lowercase. So you should change your_guess and turns to your_guess and turns.
3. The break statement is completely unnecessary (without the earlier error).
4. It doesn’t gracefully handle entering things that can’t be cast to integers. You should wrap the int(your_guess) in a try-except clause that checks for valueerror.
5. Python coding standards state you should put single spaces around comparison operators (== and >).
6. Inconsistent capitalization in messages to users. If the guess is too low then “your”, “guess”, and “please” are capitalized, but are not capitalized if the guess is too high.

Thanks for the python standard reminding. I am making changes to this code.

Casino game number guessing program

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Java guessing game

Introduction

Note: you'll need to know about for loops and if statements for this guessing game, so you'll need to have read all but the last of the beginner tutorials or already know all of these concepts.

In this guessing game, the computer will come up with a random number between 1 and 1000. The player must then continue to guess numbers until the player guesses the correct number. For every guess, the computer will either say "too high" or "too low", and then ask for another input. At the end of the game, the number is revealed along with the number of guesses it took to get the correct number. Ready to follow along to create this guessing game? All right.

Coding up the guessing game

First, we're going to start by creating a new class, or java file. Call your new program guessinggame, keeping the capitalization the same. If you're using eclipse (and I strongly urge you to!) then make sure to checkmark the box to have it put in your main method for you. You should start out like this:

Ok, we need the computer to generate random numbers. Just add this code inside your main method so you have this:

Don't worry much about how random works. All you need to know for this guessing game is that the variable numbertoguess holds the integer that the player has to guess. Notice you'll get an error when you try to use random. This is the same problem that scanner has. All you have to do is right-click your work area, go to source, and select organize imports. This will take care of the problem for you. If you want to just import manually, type in import java.Util.Random; at the very top of the page.

Now, we need to stop and figure out exactly what we need our game to do and how we're going to accomplish this goal. It's best to do this planning BEFORE you beign coding, so let's start by listing what the guessing game needs to do, also known as the requirements of the program.

Needs of the guessing game:

• Creates a random number to guess


• Keeps track of number of guesses


• Asks us to guess a number


• Let user input a number


• Tells us whether we're guessing too high or too low


• Keeps playing until we guess the correct number


• Tells us the correct number and the number of tries

This is a small list, but it does say everything we need to do for our guessing game to work. We already took care of the first need, which was to create a random number. So, let's move on to the next requirement, keeping track of the number of guesses.

To keep track of anything, you need a variable. In this case, since we're keeping track of guesses, a simple integer variable will do. Add an int variable to your code, and start it off at 0, since at the beginning the player has made no guesses.

So far we have the variable, but it still does not keep track of the number of guesses. At this point it doesn't make sense to make it do so because the user isn't being asked to make any guesses yet.

Let's have the computer ask us to guess a number. This is pretty simple, and something you've known how to do since the hello world tutorial if you've been following along.

Ok, so that requirement is completely done and you can scratch it off your to-do list. Now, we need the player to be able to input the number. This means we're going to need a scanner.

I like to define all my variables as high up in the code as possible, and I suggest you try to do the same. It helps you keep track of all the different variables you have and makes sure that you don't accidentally use the same variable twice. So, create a scanner at right under your variable that keeps track of the number of guesses. You know how to create a scanner by now, right? :)

Now that we have a scanner to use, we need to actually have a variable that stores the input from the user. You can create this variable at the top too, but don't make it equal anything yet. Remember how this is done?

Now with this variable, under where the computer asks for input, have your new variable store the input from the scanner. Remember, the player will be guessing integers, so having the variable be an integer is a must. Also, remember that using nextline() with scanner probably isn't the best approach here. Do you remember what to use instead for integers?

Once you've written the code to accept input, you can scratch that off of your requirements list.

The computer then needs to tell us if this guess was too high or too low. Notice how in that sentence I used the word if. That's a big clue as to what you need to use to accomplish this. Let's break down the if statement.

• If the number guessed is higher than the real number, tell us its too high.


• If the number guessed is smaller than the real number, tell us its too low.


• If the number guessed is the same as the real number, tell us that we won.

You could do this in three different if statements, but it's best to use else if in this case to tie them all together. It helps to show that all those if's are related to each other, and that only one of those if's will ever be true at one time (the guessed number can never be too high and too low at the same time, for example).

This is what your code should look like at this point:

Great, we can cross of another requirement off of our list. This is what we have left to do:

• Keeps track of number of guesses (remember we only finished part of it)


• Keeps playing until we guess the correct number


• Tells us the correct number and the number of tries

Let's tackle the first item on that list and get rid of it once and for all. When should we track the number of guesses? Right after the player guesses the number of course! Just add one to the variable we created to do this after the player guesses a number. That's all there is to it!

Okay, so if we were to run our guessing game right now, the program would go one time, and then stop. This is because we need it to keep going until the user wins. We will have to think about this a little bit before we code it.

First of all, what ways do we know to make java do something over and over again? In the tutorials we went over two ways, the for loop and the while loop. If you remember the difference, then you know that the for loop loops for a certain number of times. Unfortunately the number of times this program could loop depends on the player! So, a for loop is probably not the best way to handle this.

A while loop is the perfect choice. It keeps going until a condition is no longer true. So, while the player hasn't won yet, keep going. But how do we keep track of whether or not the player has won?

Simple. We use a boolean variable. We can create a boolean variable called win near the top of our code with all the other variables. If we set win to false, then it means the player hasn't won yet. When win is true, then the player won the game.

The last thing we need to figure out is which code to put inside of this while loop. I recommend everything starting from the computer asking the player to guess a number all the way down to the if statements.

See how inside the while loop parenthesis the condition is when win is equal to false? This means it will continue to loop until something sets the win variable to true.

But what will set the win variable to true? The third part of the if statement seems like a good choice. You know, the part that asks if the player guessed the correct number. Here is what this looks like:

Phew, so now we've gotten rid of all the requirements except one. We need the game statistics when the game is over. Ok, after your while loop, we can add the code in. It should just be a series of printlns that tell us everything we need to know, such as number of guesses made.

Your guessing game program is now complete!

Go ahead and play it. I wouldn't try guessing letters or anything like that, as your program will crash. However, the game does work, so enjoy or show it off!

Note: by the way, to make the guessing game harder or easier, simply change the number inside of the parenthesis of the random variable we created. You can change it from 1000 to 10 so it creates a number from 1 to 10, or you can make the number larger. Have fun!

**editor's note: the game actually picks a number between 0 and 999, not 1 and 1000. You can add one to the numbertoguess variable to fix that issue.

If you have any questions, comments, or concerns, feel free to contact us.

Python number guessing game – implement number guessing game with python

Hey python geeks, are you interested in game development. So this python number guessing game tutorial will help you to implement number guessing game in python. That’s not so hard, extremely easy, you have to just basics knowledge of python. So let’s start to implement it.

Number guessing game is very interesting, i like it so much. So first of all we need to understand the basic logic behind this game. So let’s start python number guessing game tutorial. I hope you will surely enjoy this.

Python number guessing game

Python number guessing game tutorial – play with your computer

Before implementing it in code, we have to understand the logic of this game. So now i am explaining a deep description about number guessing game.

What is number guessing game

I am explaining it in context of computer and a person.

• In this game two players are required.


• The first player(computer) thinks about a random number within a given range and another player(person/user) have to guess that number.


• If the guessed number not matched with the random number then computer tells the user – the guessed number is too low or too high.


• User will keep guessing numbers until user find the computer’s number, and the computer will tell user each time if user’s guess was too high or too low:


• Eventually, the user guesses the correct number, and this way game will quit.

Key strategy

The key strategy in this game is to generate a clever guess.

For example

• If user knows the number is in between 0 and 50, then he/she make a reasonable guess i.E., 25.


• This choice evenly splits the range, that will help you making a next guess.


• If the computer says the guess is too low, then the user splits the reduced range and guesses 12. If the player says the guess is too high, then the optimal guess is 6. It can be shown that by splitting the remaining range in half after each guess.

Getting started python number guessing game

Now let’s start implementing code for this.

So the game completes by following 4 steps

• Computer pick a random number


• Player makes a guess


• Compare guess to the number


• Print out “too high” , “too low” or ” you got it”.

Computer pick A random number

Explanation

• First of all import random module. Random module implements pseudo-random number generators for various distributions.


• Then initialize a variable that stores random number and call randint() method.


• Randint() function return a random integer N such that a N b . In parameter we have to pass the range of random number. Here i am taking range between 1-10.


• Define a variable tries and initialize with 1.


• Then ask user to input their username, and print username along with greeting.


• And now ask user to input their choice whether they want to play game or not.


• And now check if the user’s answer is no then print oh..Okay.


• If the user’s answer is yes then print I’m thinking of A number between 1 & 10.

Player makes A guess

Compare guess to the number

• Now check if the user’s guess is greater than random number then print guess lower and if the user’s guess is less than random number then print guess higher.


• And now start a while loop, this will repeat until guess != randum_number .


• Increase tries by 1, each time loop repeat.


• Again ask the user to try again.


• And finally if guess becomes equal to random number then print the winning results.

Complete code for python number guessing game

Let’s start play

Now we will start playing this game, so let’s see what’s the result.

Python number guessing game

This way you can implement number guessing game in python and play it.

Recommended articles :

So this was python number guessing game tutorial. If you have any doubt then leave your comment. And if you found it helpful then please share with others. Thanks

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Number guessing game in java

Number guessing game or “guess A number” is a very simple and short javascript gaming mini project. This game is built for students who are looking for mini-games built in java to learn and practice some basic java tools they’re familiar with.

The complete source code for this game is given below with a step-by-step description. You can copy it from there or you can download the code from this link.

Download number guessing game

Download number guessing game (guess A number) in java

Before going through the steps, here’s an outline of the general rules of the game:

• The system or computer will generate a random number from 1 to 100.


• A dialogue box is displayed where user is asked to enter their guess number.


• Computer tells if the guess number matches or it is higher/lower than the one it generated.


• The game continues until the user guesses the computer number.

Step 1: calling class & main function

First, we’re going to call a class guessinggame and add empty main function as follows:

With only these lines, the program is completely valid; you can compile and run, but it doesn’t display anything to the console yet.

Step 2: computer number

To generate a number which will be later guessed by the user, let’s declare an integer-type variable computernumber and use this instruction: (math.Random()*100 + 1) to assign it a random number in the range of 1 to 100.

The fourth line shows the random number to user at the moment, but this line is not printed upon running of the final version of this game. For now, this line simply logs correct answer to the console for verification.

Step 3: user answer

Now, the random number generated by the computer is to be guessed by the user. In order to get answer from the user, we declare another int variable useranswer and initialize it.

Step 4: add number of attempts

This is very simple and you can do it by initializing an int variable count: int count = 1. This additionally displays the input dialog box until the user guesses the right number.

Step 5: check user answer:

It’s quite obvious that the user cannot be given only one attempt to guess the number in this game. So, we need to give the user as many attempts as they need and the number guessed in all attempts is to be checked. Counting the number of attempts is already done in earlier step.

Now, the answer input by the user is checked with the computer’s random number using while loop starting with this code: while (useranswer != computernumber). The bulk of code under the “while” loop is explained below:

• The 3rd line, beginning with “string response =“, displays initial input dialog box at the console.


• The next line converts string to integer for use in check method below.


• The next line passes useranswer and computernumber along with count to determineguess.


• Count++ is for increment in number of tries for each attempt.

Guess the number

Topics covered in this chapter:

· the difference between = and ==

· the str() and int() and float() functions

· the random.Randint() function

In this chapter, you’re going to make a “guess the number” game. The computer will think of a random number from 1 to 20, and ask you to guess it. The computer will tell you if each guess is too high or too low. You win if you can guess the number within six tries.

This is a good game to code because it uses random numbers, loops, and input from the user in a short program. You’ll learn how to convert values to different data types, and why you would need to do this. Since this program is a game, we’ll call the user the player . But “user” would be correct too.

Sample run of guess the number

Here’s what the program looks like to the player when run. The text that the player types in is in bold.

Well, albert, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.

Good job, albert! You guessed my number in 3 guesses!

Source code of guess the number

Open a new file editor window by clicking on the file ► new window. In the blank window that appears, type in the source code and save it as guess.Py. Then run the program by pressing F5. When you enter this code into the file editor, be sure to pay attention to the spacing at the front of some of the lines. Some lines have four or eight spaces of indentation.

IMPORTANT NOTE! The programs in this book will only run on python 3, not python 2. When the IDLE window starts, it will say something like “python 3.4.2” at the top. If you have python 2 installed, you can have python 3 installed at the same time. To download python 3, go to https://python.Org/download/ .

If you get errors after typing this code in, compare the code you typed to the book’s code with the online diff tool at http://invpy.Com/diff/guess .

1. # this is a guess the number game.

6. Print('hello! What is your name?')

9. Number = random.Randint(1, 20)

10 . Print('well, ' + myname + ', I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.')

12. While guessestaken 13. Print('take a guess.') # there are four spaces in front of print.

17. Guessestaken = guessestaken + 1

19. If guess 20. Print('your guess is too low.') # there are eight spaces in front of print.

23. Print('your guess is too high.')

29. Guessestaken = str(guessestaken)

30. Print('good job, ' + myname + '! You guessed my number in ' + guessestaken + ' guesses!')

34. Print('nope. The number I was thinking of was ' + number)

Import statements

1. # this is a guess the number game.

The first line is a comment. Remember that python will ignore everything after the # sign. This just reminds us what this program does.

The second line is an import statement . Remember, statements are instructions that perform some action but don’t evaluate to a value like expressions do. You’ve already seen statements: assignment statements store a value in a variable.

While python includes many built-in functions, some functions exist in separate programs called modules . You can use these functions by importing their modules into your program with an import statement.

Line 2 imports the module named random so that the program can call random.Randint() . This function will come up with a random number for the user to guess.

Line 4 creates a new variable named guessestaken . You’ll store the number of guesses the player has made in this variable. Since the player hasn’t made any guesses at this point in the program, store the integer 0 here.

6. Print('hello! What is your name?')

Lines 6 and 7 are the same as the lines in the hello world program that you saw in chapter 3. Programmers often reuse code from their other programs to save themselves work.

Line 6 is a function call to the print() function. Remember that a function is like a mini-program inside your program. When your program calls a function, it runs this mini-program. The code inside the print() function displays the string argument you passed it on the screen.

Line 7 lets the user type in their name and stores it in the myname variable. (remember, the string might not really be the player’s name. It’s just whatever string the player typed. Computers are dumb and just follow their instructions no matter what.)

The random.Randint() function

9. Number = random.Randint(1, 20)

Line 9 calls a new function named randint() and stores the return value in number . Remember, function calls can be part of expressions because they evaluate to a value.

The randint() function is provided by the random module, so you must precede it with random. (don’t forget the period!) to tell python that the function randint() is in the random module.

The randint() function will return a random integer between (and including) the two integer arguments you pass to it. Line 9 passes 1 and 20 between the parentheses separated by commas that follow the function name. The random integer that randint() returns is stored in a variable named number ; this is the secret number the player is trying to guess.

Just for a moment, go back to the interactive shell and enter import random to import the random module. Then enter random.Randint(1, 20) to see what the function call evaluates to. It will return an integer between 1 and 20 . Repeat the code again and the function call will return a different integer. The randint() function returns random integer each time, just as rolling dice you’ll get a random number each time:

Use the randint() function when you want to add randomness to your games. You’ll use randomness in many games. (think of how many board games use dice.)

You can also try different ranges of numbers by changing the arguments. For example, enter random.Randint(1, 4) to only get integers between 1 and 4 (including both 1 and 4 ). Or try random.Randint(1000, 2000) to get integers between 1000 and 2000 .

For example, enter the following into the interactive shell. The results you get when you call the random.Randint() function will probably be different (it is random, after all).

You can change the game’s code slightly to make the game behave differently. Try changing line 9 and 10 from this:

9. Number = random.Randint(1, 20)

10. Print('well, ' + name + ', I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.')

9. Number = random.Randint(1, 100)

10. Print('well, ' + name + ', I am thinking of a number between 1 and 100.')

And now the computer will think of an integer between 1 and 100 instead of 1 and 20 . Changing line 9 will change the range of the random number, but remember to change line 10 so that the game also tells the player the new range instead of the old one.

10. Print('well, ' + myname + ', I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.')

On line 10 the print() function welcomes the player by name, and tells them that the computer is thinking of a random number.

It may look like there’s more than one string argument in line 10, but look at the line carefully. The plus signs concatenate the three strings to evaluate down to one string. And that one string is the argument passed to the print() function. If you look closely, you’ll see that the commas are inside the quotes and part of the strings themselves.

Loops

12. While guessestaken while statement, which indicates the beginning of a while loop. Loops let you execute code over and over again. However, you need to learn a few other concepts first before learning about loops. Those concepts are blocks, booleans, comparison operators, conditions, and the while statement.

Blocks

Several lines of code can be grouped together in a block. Every line in a block of code has the same minimum amount of indentation. You can tell where a block begins and ends by looking at the number of spaces at the front of the lines. This is the line’s indentation .

A block begins when a line’s indentation increases (usually by four spaces). Any following line also indented by four spaces is part of the block. The block ends when there’s a line of code with the same indentation before the block started. This means blocks can exist within other blocks. Figure 4-1 is a diagram of code with the blocks outlined and numbered.

In figure 4-1, line 12 has no indentation and isn’t inside any block. Line 13 has an indentation of four spaces. Since this indentation is larger than the previous line’s indentation, a new block has started. This block is labeled (1) in figure 4-1. This block will continue until a line with zero spaces (the original indentation before the block began). Blank lines are ignored.

Line 20 has an indentation of eight spaces. Eight spaces is more than four spaces, which starts a new block. This block is labeled (2) in figure 4-1. This block is inside of another block.

Figure 4-1: blocks and their indentation. The black dots represent spaces.

Line 22 has only four spaces. Because the indentation has decreased, you know that block has ended. Line 20 is the only line in that block. Line 22 is in the same block as the other lines with four spaces.

Line 23 increases the indentation to eight spaces, so again a new block has started. It is labeled (3) in figure 4-1.

To recap, line 12 isn’t in any block. Lines 13 to 23 all in one block marked (1). Line 20 is in a block in a block marked as (2). Line 23 is the only line in another block in a block marked as (3).

The boolean data type

The boolean data type has only two values: true or false . These values must be typed with a capital “T” and “F”. The rest of the value’s name must be in lowercase. You will use boolean values (called bools for short) with comparison operators to form conditions. (conditions are explained later.)

For example, try storing the boolean values in variables:

The data types that have been introduced so far are integers, floats, strings, and now bools. Every value in python belongs to one data type.

Comparison operators

Line 12 has a while statement:

12. While guessestaken while keyword (the guessestaken part) contains two values (the value in the variable guessestaken , and the integer value 6 ) connected by an operator (the “less than” sign). The sign is a comparison operator .

Comparison operators compare two values and evaluate to a true or false boolean value. A list of all the comparison operators is in table 4-1.

Table 4-1: comparison operators.

You’ve already read about the +, -, *, and / math operators. Like any operator, the comparison operators combine with values to form expressions such as guessestaken .

Conditions

A condition is an expression that combines two values with a comparison operator (such as or > ) and evaluates to a boolean value. A condition is just another name for an expression that evaluates to true or false . Conditions are used in while statements (and a few other instructions, explained later.)

For example, the condition guessestaken asks, “is the value stored in guessestaken less than the number 6 ?” if so, then the condition evaluates to true . If not, the condition evaluates to false .

In the case of the “guess the number” program, on line 4 you stored the value 0 in guessestaken . Because 0 is less than 6 , this condition evaluates to the boolean value of true . The evaluation would look like this:

Experiment with booleans, comparison operators, and conditions

Enter the following expressions in the interactive shell to see their boolean results:

>>> 0 >> 6 >> 50 >> 10 >> 10 0 returns the boolean value true because the number 0 is less than the number 6 . But because 6 isn’t less than 0 , the condition 6 evaluates to false . 50 isn’t less than 10 , so 50 is false . 10 is less than 11 , so 10 is true .

Notice that 10 evaluates to false because the number 10 isn’t smaller than the number 10 . They are the same size. If alice were the same height as bob, you wouldn't say that alice is taller than bob or that alice is shorter than bob. Both of those statements would be false.

Now try entering these expressions into the interactive shell:

The difference between = and ==

Try not to confuse the assignment operator ( = ) and the “equal to” comparison operator ( == ). The equal sign ( = ) is used in assignment statements to store a value to a variable, while the equal-equal sign ( == ) is used in expressions to see whether two values are equal. It’s easy to accidentally use one when you meant to use the other.

Just remember that the “equal to” comparison operator ( == ) has two characters in it, just as the “not equal to” comparison operator ( != ) has two characters in it.

String and integer values will never be equal to each other. For example, try entering the following into the interactive shell:

Looping with while statements

The while statement marks the beginning of a loop. Loops can execute the same code repeatedly. When the execution reaches a while statement, it evaluates the condition next to the while keyword. If the condition evaluates to true , the execution moves inside the following block, called the while-block. (in the program, the while-block begins on line 13.) if the condition evaluates to false , the execution moves all the way past the while-block. In guess the number, the first line after the while-block is line 28.

A while statement always has a : colon after the condition. Statements that end with a colon expect a new block on the next line.

12. While guessestaken true (which it does the first time, because the value of guessestaken is 0 ), execution will enter the while-block at line 13 and keep going down. Once the program reaches the end of the while-block, instead of going down to the next line, the execution loops back up to the while statement’s line (line 12) and re-evaluates the condition. As before, if the condition is true the execution enters the while-block again. Each time the execution goes through the loop is called an iteration .

This is how the loop works. As long as the condition is true , the program keeps executing the code inside the while-block repeatedly until the first time the condition is false . Think of the while statement as saying, “while this condition is true, keep executing the code in the following block”.

13. Print('take a guess.') # there are four spaces in front of print.

Lines 13 to 17 ask the player to guess what the secret number is and lets them enter their guess. That number is stored in a variable named guess .

Converting values with the int() , float() , and str() functions

Line 15 calls a new function named int() . The int() function takes one argument and returns an integer value form of that argument. Try entering the following into the interactive shell:

The int('42') call will return the integer value 42 . However, even though you can pass a string to the int() function, you cannot pass just any string. Passing 'forty-two' to int() will result in an error. The string you pass to int() must be made up of numbers:

Traceback (most recent call last):

Valueerror: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'forty-two'

The 3 + int('2') line shows an expression that uses the return value of int() as part of an expression. It evaluates to the integer value 5 :

Remember, the input() function always returns a string of text the player typed. If the player types 5 , the input() function will return the string value '5' , not the integer value 5 . Python cannot use the and > comparison operators to compare a string and an integer value:

4 guess variable originally held the string value of what the player typed. Line 16 overwrites the string value in guess with the integer value returned by int() . This lets the code later in the program compare if guess is greater than, less than, or equal to the secret number in the number variable.

One last thing: calling int(guess) doesn’t change the value in the guess variable. The code int(guess) is an expression that evaluates to the integer value form of the string stored in the guess variable. What changes guess is the assignment statement: guess = int(guess)

The float() , str() , and bool() functions will similarly return float, string, and boolean versions of the arguments passed to them. Try entering the following into the interactive shell:

Using the int() , float() , str() , and bool() functions, you can take a value of one data type and return it as a value of a different data type.

17. Guessestaken = guessestaken + 1

Once the player has taken a guess, the number of guesses should be increased by one.

On the first iteration of the loop, guessestaken has the value of 0 . Python will take this value and add 1 to it. 0 + 1 evaluates to 1 , which is stored as the new value of guessestaken . Think of line 17 as meaning, “the guessestaken variable should be one more than what it already is”.

Adding one to a variable’s integer or float value is called incrementing the variable. Subtracting one from a variable’s integer or float value is called decrementing the variable.

If statements

19. If guess 20. Print('your guess is too low.') # there are eight spaces in front of print.

Line 19 is an if statement. The execution will run the code in the following block if the if statement’s condition evaluates to true. If the condition is false , then the code in the if-block is skipped. Using if statements, you can make the program only run certain code when you want it to.

Line 19 checks if the player’s guess is less than the computer’s secret number. If so, then the execution moves inside the if-block on line 20 and prints a message telling the player this.

The if statement works almost the same as a while statement, too. But unlike the while-block, the execution doesn’t jump back to the if statement at the end of the if-block. It just continues down to the next line. In other words, if statements don’t loop. See figure 4-3 for a comparison of the two statements.

Figure 4-3: if and while statements.

23. Print('your guess is too high.')

Line 22 checks if the player’s guess is greater than the secret number. If this condition is true , then the print() function call tells the player that their guess is too high.

Leaving loops early with the break statement

The if statement on line 25 checks if the guess is equal to the secret number. If it is, the program runs the break statement on line 26.

A break statement tells the execution to jump immediately out of the while-block to the first line after the end of the while-block. The break statement doesn’t bother rechecking the while loop’s condition.

The break statement is only found inside loops, such as in a while-block.

If the player’s guess isn’t equal to the secret number, the execution reaches the bottom of the while-block. This means the execution will loop back to the top and recheck the condition on line 12 ( guessestaken ). Remember after the guessestaken = guessestaken + 1 instruction executed, the new value of guessestaken is 1 . Because 1 is true , the execution enters the loop again.

If the player keeps guessing too low or too high, the value of guessestaken will change to 2 , then 3 , then 4 , then 5 , then 6 . When guessestaken has the number 6 stored in it, the while statement’s condition ( guessestaken ) is false , since 6 isn’t less than 6 . Because the while statement’s condition is false , the execution moves to the first line after the while-block, line 28.

Line 28 has no indentation, which means the while-block has ended and this is the first line after the while-block. The execution left the while-block either because the while statement’s condition was false (when the player runs out of guesses) or the break statement on line 26 was executed (when the player guesses the number correctly).

Line 28 checks to see if the player guessed correctly. If so, the execution enters the if-block at line 29.

29. Guessestaken = str(guessestaken)

30. Print('good job, ' + myname + '! You guessed my number in ' + guessestaken + ' guesses!')

Lines 29 and 30 only execute if the condition in the if statement on line 28 was true (that is, if the player correctly guessed the computer’s number).

Line 29 calls the str() function, which returns the string form of guessestaken . Line 30 concatenates strings to tell the player they have won and how many guesses it took them. Only string values can concatenate to other strings. This is why line 29 had to change guessestaken to the string form. Otherwise, trying to concatenate a string to an integer would cause python to display an error.

Line 32 uses the “not equal to” comparison operator != to check if player’s last guess is not equal to the secret number. If this condition evaluates to true , the execution moves into the if-block on line 33.

Lines 33 and 34 are inside the if-block, and only execute if the condition on line 32 was true .

34. Print('nope. The number I was thinking of was ' + number)

In this block, the program tells the player what the secret number they failed to guess correctly was. This requires concatenating strings, but number stores an integer value. Line 33 will overwrite number with a string form so that it can be concatenated to the 'nope. The number I was thinking of was ' string on line 34.

At this point, the execution has reached the end of the code, and the program terminates. Congratulations! You’ve just programmed your first real game!

You can change the game’s difficulty by changing the number of guesses the player gets. To give the player only four guesses, change the code on line 12:

12. While guessestaken 12. While guessestaken guessestaken variable by 1 on each iteration. By setting the condition to guessestaken , you ensure that the code inside the loop only runs four times instead of six. This makes the game much more difficult. To make the game easier, set the condition to guessestaken or guessestaken . This will cause the loop to run a few more times and accept more guesses from the player.

Flow control statements

In previous chapters, the program execution started at the top instruction in program and went straight down, executing each instruction in order. But with the while , if , else , and break statements, you can cause the execution to loop and skip instructions based on conditions. The name for these kinds of statements is flow control statement , since they change the “flow” of the program execution as it moves around your program.

If someone asked you, “what exactly is programming anyway?” what could you say to them? Programming is just the action of writing code for programs, that is, creating programs that can be executed by a computer.

“but what exactly is a program?” when you see someone using a computer program (for example, playing your “guess the number” game), all you see is some text appearing on the screen. The program decides what exact text to show on the screen (the program’s output ), based on its instructions and on the text that the player typed on the keyboard (the program’s input ). A program is just a collection of instructions that act on the user’s input.

“what kind of instructions?” there are only a few different kinds of instructions, really.

1. Expressions are values connected by operators. Expressions are all evaluated down to a single value, as 2 + 2 evaluates to 4 or 'hello' + ' ' + 'world' evaluates to 'hello world' . When expressions are next to the if and while keywords, you can also call them conditions.

2. Assignment statements store values in variables so you can remember the values later in the program.

3. The if , while , and break statements are flow control statements that can cause the execution to skip instructions, loop over instructions, or break out of loops. Function calls also change the flow of execution by jumping to the instructions inside of a function.

4. The print() and input() functions. These functions display text on the screen and get text from the keyboard. This is called I/O (pronounced like the letters, “eye-oh”), because it deals with the input and output of the program.

And that’s it, just those four things. Of course, there are many details about those four types of instructions. In this book you’ll learn about new data types and operators, new flow control statements, and many other functions that come with python. There are also different types of I/O such as input from the mouse or outputting sound and graphics instead of just text.

For the person using your programs, they only care about that last type, I/O. The user types on the keyboard and then sees things on the screen or hears things from the speakers. But for the computer to figure out what sights to show and what sounds to play, it needs a program, and programs are just a bunch of instructions that you, the programmer, have written.

Guessing game- guess a number from 1 to 10

Above is a guessing game created in PHP.

With the game above, a user guesses a number from 1 to 10. The computer generates a random number from 1 to 10. If the number that the user enters matches the number that the computer generates, the user has guessed the correct number. If the number that the user has entered does not match the number that the computer has generated, the user is told that this is the incorrect number and to try again.

Each entry that a user enters is independent of all other entries, meaning that the computer generates a new random number each time an attempt is tried. The numbers keep switching. The computer generates a new random number each time the submit button is clicked. So if you enter '4' and the computer generates a '5' and then you enter a '5', the computer doesn't store that same 5. The next time you enter a number, it can and many times will be a totally new number.

So how do we go about building this guessing game?

So the basics of the PHP code is that we use the mt_rand() function, which can generate a new number each time. We specify in this function that we want the random number to range from 1 to 10. So the computers selects any random number from 1 to 10 each time a guess is tried. We then extract what the user has entered in the search box. If the number that the user entered matches the number the computer has generated, the user has guessed the correct function. If not, the user tries again.

Full code

The full code to build this PHP game above is shown below.

So the first block of code is PHP code. Here, in this block, we get the number that the user has entered in the search box. We also extract whether the submit button has been clicked or not. We then generate a random number using the mt_rand() function and store in the $randomnumber variable. The mt_rand function returns a random number (of course it's not truly random being that it's made up of computer algorithms but good enough to work for this). In the mt_rand() function, we specify the range of numbers we want returned. Being that we want a number from 1 to 10 returned in the random function, we specify these 2 parameters in the function.

The next block of code creates the HTML form element. The action attribute is set to "" (null) because we want the information extracted from this form to stay on this page. If we wanted the information extracted from this form to be redirected to another page, we want this specify this page in this attribute. The method is POST.

We then write the line, guess a number between 1 and 10. Right beside this, we put an HTML text box. If the submit button is clicked and the number entered is not between 1 and 10, we output the line, "the number must be between 1 and 10". This is so that if the user enters 0 or a negative number or a number greater than 10, he or she will know that this not an acceptable input. The number must be between 1 and 10.

Next we have the result on the next line. If the submit button is pressed and the number is between 1 and 10 and the number entered is not equal to the number the computer generated, we output that this guess is incorrect and what the correct number was and to try again. Else, we output that the number entered is the correct guess and that the user got it right.

It's very simple code. It's able to create a somewhat fun game. And this is all that is required to create a guessing game using PHP.

So, let's see, what we have: backupershow casino program in C++ text- based casino game. I have found a couple of things that could help you improve your code. Don't abuse using namespace std. Putting using namespace at casino game number guessing program